Polymers

C7__Organic

Definition

A Polymer is a chain of repeating molecules. This is usually from double bonds opening or a reaction between Functional Groups.

A Monomer is one molecule that can bond to make polymers.

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Addition Polymerisation

This is when a double bond opens up to form a single bonds to form a chain. (Which is a long alkane) Has product so it has atom economy.

Alkenes

Name Scheme - Poly(alkene name)

Example Molecules Poly(ethene) - A useful plastic, strong and easy to shape. Poly(propene) - a strong and tough fabric.

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Condensation Polymerisation

When monomers with different functional groups react. When they react a small molecule such as water is lost hence the name. Making it a Condensation Reaction

Example Reaction represents irrelevant atoms in the reaction

You don’t really need to know example of condensation polymerisation reaction just the general principle of how it works

Polymerisation of Amino Acids

Amino Acids are polymerised by condensation polymerisation to make polypeptides

Example Reaction

Formation of Proteins

2 Amino Acids react. The Functional Group of one reacts with the Carboxylic Acid Functional Group of the other. One hydrogen from the and the from the form water whilst the remaining and form the peptide link. Since the new molecule still has a and this reaction can repeat to form a Polymer.

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Naturally Occurring Polymers

1. DNA - Polymer of Nucleotides
2. Proteins - Polymer of Amino Acids
3. Starch - Polymer of glucose
4. Cellulose - Polymer of glucose

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