Cloning

B6__Inheritance-and-Evolution

Plants

Tissue Culture

1. Plant cells are taken, scraped from parent plant.
2. Placed in a growth medium with nutrients and hormones - eg petri dish with agar jelly with growth hormones and nutrients.
3. Samples develop into tiny plantlets.
4. Plantlets planted in compost.

Cuttings

1. A branch from the parent plant is cut off, its lower leaves are removed, and the stem is planted in damp compost.
2. Plant hormones are often used to encourage new roots to develop.
3. The cutting is usually covered in a clear plastic bag to keep it moist and warm. After a few weeks, new roots develop and a new plant grows.

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Animals

Embryo Transplants

1. Female animal is artificially inseminated.
2. Zygotes develop into embryos and are removed from animal.
3. Embryos are split before the can become specialised.
4. Identical embryos are transplanted into host mothers.

Adult Cell Cloning

1. The nucleus is removed from an unfertilised egg cell.
2. The nucleus from an adult body cell, such as a skin cell, is inserted into the egg cell.
3. An electric shock stimulates the egg cell to divide to form an embryo.
4. These embryo cells contain the same genetic information as the adult skin cell.
5. When the embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it is inserted into the womb of an adult female to continue its development.

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