Definition
An individual is part of a species that lives in its habitat within a population. Many different populations interact in the same habitat creating a community. The populations are often dependant on each other. An Ecosystem is the interaction of a community with abiotic parts of the environment.
Abiotic Factors
Abiotic factors are non-living factors that can affect a community. They include
- Light intensity.
- Temperature.
- Moisture levels.
- Soil pH and mineral content.
- Wind intensity and direction.
and levels.
Biotic Factors
- Food availability.
- New predators.
- New pathogens.
- Competition.
Adaptations
Organisms can have adaptations that allow them to survive/compete better in their environment such as:
- Structural - eg sharp teeth or camouflage.
- Behavioural.
- Functional - involved in processes such as reproduction and metabolism.
The Carbon Cycle
is Removed from air via photo synthesis. The plants us carbon to make carbohydrates, proteins and fats. They are eaten and the carbon moves up the food chain. is Returned to air when plants and animals respire. Decomposers respire while they return mineral ions to soil. is Returned to air when wood and fossil fuels are burnt (combustion) as they contain carbon.
The Water Cycle
- The suns energy causes water to evaporate forming water vapour.
- Water vapour is also formed as a result of Transpiration in plants.
- Water vapour rises cools and condenses to form clouds.
- Water is retuned to land via precipitation which runs into lakes to provide water for animals.
- Water returns to sea and restarts cycle.